Chibvumirano ichi idanho risati ramboitika rekudzikamisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki pasi rose.Patrizia Heidegger anoshuma kubva kumusangano weUNEA muNairobi.
Iko kunetsana uye kufara mukamuri remusangano zvinonzwika.Vhiki imwe nehafu yekurukurirano dzakasimba, kazhinji kazhinji kutozosvikira mambakwedza, yakanga iri shure kwenhume.Varatidziri nevamiriri vanogara pazvigaro zvavo vachitya.Vauya kuNairobi, Kenya, kumusangano wechishanu weUnited Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) kuzoita kuti hurumende dzibvumirane nechisungo chavanga vachishandira kwemakore akawanda: rugwaro urwu runoratidza kuumbwa kweInternational Negotiating Committee (INC) kuti igadzirise. zvinosunga zviri pamutemo, chibvumirano chepasi rose chekumisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki.
Kana Mutungamiri weUNEA Bart Espen Eide, Gurukota rezvemamiriro ekunze reNorway, vachirova gavel votaura chisungo chakatorwa, kuombera maoko nekufara kunoputika mukamuri remusangano.Rusununguko rwakatekeshera pazviso zveavo vakarwa zvikuru nokuda kwarwo, vamwe vachiyerera misodzi mumaziso avo.
Kukura kwedambudziko rekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki
Zvinopfuura 460 miriyoni metric matani epurasitiki anogadzirwa gore rega rega, 99% kubva kumafuta emafuta.Anosvika matani mamiriyoni gumi nemana anoguma ari mumakungwa gore negore.Plastiki inoita 80% yemarara ese emugungwa.Somugumisiro, mhuka dzomugungwa miriyoni dzinourawa gore negore.Microplastics yakawanikwa mumarudzi asingaverengeki emvura, muropa revanhu uye placenta panguva yekuzvitakura.Chete yakatenderedza 9% yepurasitiki inodzokororwa uye mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa kwepasi rose ari kuramba achiwedzera gore negore.
Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki idambudziko repasi rose.Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvine zvepasi rose uye kukosha maketani.Marara epurasitiki anotumirwa mumakondinendi.Marara emugungwa haazivi miganhu.Sekunetseka kwakajairwa kurudzi rwevanhu, dambudziko repurasitiki rinoda mhinduro dzepasirese uye nekukasira.
Kubva payakatangwa musangano muna 2014, UNEA yakaona kufona kwakasimba kuita chiito.Boka renyanzvi pamarara emvura uye microplastics rakamiswa pachikamu chayo chechitatu.Munguva yeUNEA 4 muna 2019, masangano ezvemamiriro ekunze uye vamiriri vakasunda nesimba kuti vawane chibvumirano chechibvumirano - uye hurumende dzakatadza kubvumirana.Makore matatu gare gare, simba rekutanga kutaurirana kukunda kukuru kune avo vese vasinganeti mushandirapamwe.
Chikumbiro chepasi rose
Veruzhinji vanga vachirwira zvakasimba kuona kuti murairo unotora nzira yehupenyu inofukidza matanho ese ekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, kushandiswa, kudzokorodza uye kutonga kwemarara.Sarudzo inoda kuti chibvumirano chisimudzire kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki, kusanganisira dhizaini yechigadzirwa, uye inosimbisa nzira dzehupfumi dzakatenderera.Masangano ehurumende ave achisimbisawo kuti chibvumirano chinofanira kutarisa kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki nekudzivirira tsvina, kunyanya kubviswa kwemapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete: kudzokorora chete hakuzogadziri dambudziko repurasitiki.
Kunze kwezvo, basa rinopfuura pfungwa dzekare dzechibvumirano chinongobata marara emugungwa chete.Maitiro akadaro angadai akarasika mukana wekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki munzvimbo dzese uye mukati mehupenyu hwese.
Chibvumirano ichi chichafanirwawo kudzivirira mhinduro dzenhema kudambudziko remapurasitiki uye greenwashing, kusanganisira zvirevo zvinorasika zvekudzokorodza, bio-based kana biodegradable mapurasitiki kana kemikari kudzokorora.Inofanirwa kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwehupfu-isina kuzadzazve uye kushandisazve masisitimu.Uye inofanira kusanganisira maitiro akajairwa epurasitiki sechinhu uye nekujeka, pamwe nekumisikidza pane zvine ngozi zvinowedzera kumapurasitiki ehupfumi husina chepfu denderedzwa pamatanho ese ehupenyu emapurasitiki.
Chisarudzo chinofanoona kuti Komiti inotora basa rayo muhafu yechipiri ye2022. Pakazosvika 2024, inofanirwa kupedza basa rayo uye kupa chibvumirano chekusaina.Kana iyo nguva yakachengetwa, inogona kuve iyo inokurumidza kutaurirana yeMultilateral Environmental Agreement.
Panzira (yakashata) kubuda kubva mupurasitiki
Varatidziri nevaratidziri zvino vanokodzera kupemberera kukunda uku.Asi kana mhemberero dzapera, vese vari kutsvaga kuderedza kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki vachafanira kushanda nesimba mumakore anosvika 2024: vachafanira kurwira chiridzwa chakasimba chine nzira dzakajeka dzekusimbisa, chiridzwa chinotungamira kune chakakosha. kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pakutanga uye izvo zvinomisa huwandu hwemarara epurasitiki.
“Iri idanho rakakosha kumberi, asi tese tinoziva kuti gwara rebudiriro richange rakaoma uye rine makomba.Dzimwe nyika, pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kune mamwe makambani, dzinoedza kunonoka, kukanganisa kana kukanganisa maitiro kana kutsvagisa mhedzisiro isina simba.Petrochemical uye fossil mafuta makambani anogona kupikisa zvirevo zvekudzikamisa kugadzirwa.Tinodaidza hurumende dzese kuti dzive nechokwadi chenhaurirano dzinokurumidza uye dzechimbichimbi uye kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti maNGOs ezvezvakatipoteredza uye veruzhinji vakasununguka, "akadaro Piotr Barczak, Senior Policy Officer weWaste and Circular Economy neEuropean Environmental Bureau (EEB).
Vafambisi vachafanirwawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda dzakanyanya kukuvadzwa nemapurasitiki dzinowana kugara patafura: idzo dzakafumurwa nekusvibiswa kubva mupurasitiki feedstocks uye petrochemical production, nedumps, landfills, kupiswa pachena kwemapurasitiki, zvivakwa zvemakemikari zvakare uye incinerators;vashandi vepamutemo uye vasina kurongeka uye vanonhonga marara pamwe chete nepurasitiki yekugovera cheni, avo vanofanirwa kuvimbiswa mamiriro ekushanda akarurama uye akachengeteka;pamwe chete nemanzwi evatengi, Vanhu veMarudzi uye nharaunda idzo dzinotsamira pane zviwanikwa zvemugungwa nerwizi zvinokuvadzwa nekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki uye kubviswa kwemafuta.
“Kugamuchira kucherechedzwa kuti dambudziko iri rinoda kugadziriswa mumaplastics value chain kukunda kwemapoka nenharaunda dzanga dzichitarisana nekudarika kweindasitiri yepurasitiki pamwe nerondedzero dzenhema kwemakore.Bato redu rakagadzirira kupa zvine mutsindo mukuita uku uye kubatsira kuona kuti chibvumirano chinozodzivirira uye kumisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki. "
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-13-2022
